See 京城 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "京城"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京%城",
"2": "けい%じょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "경성(京城)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "京城",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kinh thành",
"bor": "1",
"id": "京城",
"t": "",
"tr": "京城"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京城",
"2": "けい%じょう",
"3": "경성",
"4": "kinh thành",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "京城",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "京城",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "京%城",
"v": "京城",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (京城):\n* → Japanese: 京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)\n* → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)\n* → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "けい%じょう",
"3": "경성",
"4": "kinh thành",
"j": "京%城"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (京城):\n* → Japanese: 京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)\n* → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)\n* → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (京城):\n* → Japanese: 京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)\n* → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)\n* → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "gingsingz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: gingsingz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: gingsingz"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 7 6 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 38 5 4 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Dong Zhuo is a wolf and a jackal, if he enters the capital, it will most certainly be people that he devours.",
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Dǒng Zhuó nǎi cháiláng yě, yǐnrù jīngchéng, bì shí rén yǐ.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "董卓乃豺狼也，引入京城，必食人矣。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "In the sinchuk year [1361], the Red Bandits occupied the capital [of Korea]; the king fled to Bokju.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " late 15th c., 金時習 (Kim Si-seup), 《李生窺牆傳》, 《金鰲新話》",
"roman": "Sinchung-nyeon Hongjeok geo gyeongseong, wang i Bokju.",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "辛丑年紅賊據京城，王移福州。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"capital city (of a country)"
],
"id": "en-京城-zh-noun-8MzUZ5gL",
"links": [
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) capital city (of a country)"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "shěnghuì",
"word": "省會"
},
{
"roman": "shěnghuì",
"word": "省会"
},
{
"roman": "shǒufǔ",
"word": "首府"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "shàngguó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "上國"
},
{
"roman": "shàngguó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "上国"
},
{
"roman": "jīngshī",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京師"
},
{
"roman": "jīngshī",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京师"
},
{
"roman": "jīnghuá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京華"
},
{
"roman": "jīnghuá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京华"
},
{
"roman": "jīngyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京邑"
},
{
"roman": "jīngdū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京都"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "國家"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "国家"
},
{
"roman": "guódū",
"word": "國都"
},
{
"roman": "guódū",
"word": "国都"
},
{
"english": "imperial capital",
"roman": "dìdū",
"word": "帝都"
},
{
"english": "royal capital",
"roman": "wángjīng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "王京"
},
{
"english": "royal capital",
"roman": "wángdū",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "王都"
},
{
"english": "imperial capital",
"roman": "huángzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "皇州"
},
{
"roman": "shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神州"
},
{
"roman": "dūchéng",
"word": "都城"
},
{
"roman": "dūyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "都邑"
},
{
"roman": "dūmén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "都門"
},
{
"roman": "dūmén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "都门"
},
{
"roman": "hàojīng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "鎬京"
},
{
"roman": "hàojīng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "镐京"
},
{
"roman": "cháng'ān",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "長安"
},
{
"roman": "cháng'ān",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "长安"
},
{
"roman": "shǒudū",
"word": "首都"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "җинчын"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "žinčɨn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ-siâⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ sian⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ching¹-chʻêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīng-chéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingcherng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзинчэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinčɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīng sìhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ xing⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gin^ˊ sang^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ sang²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiann-siânn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kviasviaa"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ siâⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^平 zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹jin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjaeng dzyeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 7 6 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 38 5 4 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō"
],
"id": "en-京城-zh-name-Pu-HB2PH",
"links": [
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
],
[
"Gyeongseong",
"Gyeongseong"
],
[
"Keijō",
"Keijō"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "җинчын"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "žinčɨn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ-siâⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ sian⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ching¹-chʻêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīng-chéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingcherng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзинчэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinčɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīng sìhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ xing⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gin^ˊ sang^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ sang²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiann-siânn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kviasviaa"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ siâⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^平 zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹jin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjaeng dzyeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京城",
"lit": "capital + city, town"
},
"expansion": "京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうじょう"
},
"expansion": "きょうじょう (kyōjō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Names_of_Seoul#Gyeongseong"
},
"expansion": "Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"name": "pedia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 706. In turn, from Middle Chinese 京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”).\nPossibly encountered in older texts with the reading きょうじょう (kyōjō), using the older goon pronunciation for both characters.\nUse to refer to Seoul was based in part on the older name 漢城 (Hanseong), and in part on the Japanese sense of \"imperial capital\", in referring to the city as the center of administration under the Japanese Empire. The city was also informally called 京城 (Gyeongseong) in Korean during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). See also Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"forms": [
{
"form": "京城",
"ruby": [
[
"京",
"けい"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "keijō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "keizyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "けいじやう",
"roman": "keizyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けいじょう",
"hhira": "けいじやう"
},
"expansion": "京(けい)城(じょう) • (keijō) ^(←けいじやう (keizyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the emperor's residence, the imperial palace"
],
"id": "en-京城-ja-noun-QzOmDfHi",
"links": [
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"residence",
"residence"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"palace",
"palace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the capital, especially within an empire"
],
"id": "en-京城-ja-noun-WnHVFaJG",
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けーじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ːʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Joseon",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Sankei Shimbun"
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京城",
"lit": "capital + city, town"
},
"expansion": "京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうじょう"
},
"expansion": "きょうじょう (kyōjō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Names_of_Seoul#Gyeongseong"
},
"expansion": "Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"name": "pedia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 706. In turn, from Middle Chinese 京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”).\nPossibly encountered in older texts with the reading きょうじょう (kyōjō), using the older goon pronunciation for both characters.\nUse to refer to Seoul was based in part on the older name 漢城 (Hanseong), and in part on the Japanese sense of \"imperial capital\", in referring to the city as the center of administration under the Japanese Empire. The city was also informally called 京城 (Gyeongseong) in Korean during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). See also Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"forms": [
{
"form": "京城",
"ruby": [
[
"京",
"けい"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Keijō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Keizyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "けいじやう",
"roman": "Keizyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "けいじょう",
"hhira": "けいじやう"
},
"expansion": "京(けい)城(じょう) • (Keijō) ^(←けいじやう (Keizyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 7 6 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 38 5 4 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 10 1 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 11 1 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 11 1 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 6 4 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 7 2 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 9 2 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Keijō Imperial University",
"roman": "Keijō Teikoku Daigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"京城",
"けいじょう"
],
[
"帝国大学",
"ていこくだいがく"
]
],
"text": "京城帝国大学",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, also known as Gyeongseong (the Korean reading of these same Chinese characters) and Keijō"
],
"id": "en-京城-ja-name-NxYi0~O8",
"links": [
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
],
[
"Gyeongseong",
"Gyeongseong"
],
[
"Keijō",
"Keijō"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, also known as Gyeongseong (the Korean reading of these same Chinese characters) and Keijō"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けーじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ːʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Joseon",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Sankei Shimbun"
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The older goon pronunciation. Not used in modern Japanese, but possibly still encountered in older texts.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "京城",
"ruby": [
[
"京",
"きょう"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōjō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kyauzyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きやうじやう",
"roman": "kyauzyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうじょう",
"hhira": "きやうじやう"
},
"expansion": "京(きょう)城(じょう) • (kyōjō) ^(←きやうじやう (kyauzyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the emperor's residence, the imperial palace"
],
"id": "en-京城-ja-noun-QzOmDfHi1",
"links": [
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"residence",
"residence"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"palace",
"palace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) the emperor's residence, the imperial palace"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the capital, especially within an empire"
],
"id": "en-京城-ja-noun-WnHVFaJG1",
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) the capital, especially within an empire"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gyeongseong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "경성",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "경성"
},
"expansion": "京城 • (Gyeongseong) (hangeul 경성)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”)",
"word": "경성"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 경성 (“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”)"
],
"id": "en-京城-ko-name-HVxqJopw",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"경성",
"경성#Korean:_京城"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
],
[
"Gyeongseong",
"Gyeongseong"
],
[
"Keijō",
"Keijō"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of kinh thành (“capital city; imperial city”)."
],
"id": "en-京城-vi-noun-x4-Vl7BJ",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"kinh thành",
"kinh thành#Vietnamese:_京城"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
]
]
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 京",
"Chinese terms spelled with 城",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "京城"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京%城",
"2": "けい%じょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "경성(京城)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "京城",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kinh thành",
"bor": "1",
"id": "京城",
"t": "",
"tr": "京城"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京城",
"2": "けい%じょう",
"3": "경성",
"4": "kinh thành",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "京城",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "京城",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "京%城",
"v": "京城",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (京城):\n* → Japanese: 京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)\n* → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)\n* → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "けい%じょう",
"3": "경성",
"4": "kinh thành",
"j": "京%城"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (京城):\n* → Japanese: 京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)\n* → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)\n* → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (京城):\n* → Japanese: 京(けい)城(じょう) (keijō)\n* → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)\n* → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "gingsingz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: gingsingz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: gingsingz"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "shěnghuì",
"word": "省會"
},
{
"roman": "shěnghuì",
"word": "省会"
},
{
"roman": "shǒufǔ",
"word": "首府"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Dong Zhuo is a wolf and a jackal, if he enters the capital, it will most certainly be people that he devours.",
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Dǒng Zhuó nǎi cháiláng yě, yǐnrù jīngchéng, bì shí rén yǐ.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "董卓乃豺狼也，引入京城，必食人矣。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "In the sinchuk year [1361], the Red Bandits occupied the capital [of Korea]; the king fled to Bokju.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " late 15th c., 金時習 (Kim Si-seup), 《李生窺牆傳》, 《金鰲新話》",
"roman": "Sinchung-nyeon Hongjeok geo gyeongseong, wang i Bokju.",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "辛丑年紅賊據京城，王移福州。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"capital city (of a country)"
],
"links": [
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) capital city (of a country)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "җинчын"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "žinčɨn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ-siâⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ sian⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ching¹-chʻêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīng-chéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingcherng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзинчэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinčɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīng sìhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ xing⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gin^ˊ sang^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ sang²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiann-siânn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kviasviaa"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ siâⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^平 zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹jin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjaeng dzyeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "shàngguó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "上國"
},
{
"roman": "shàngguó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "上国"
},
{
"roman": "jīngshī",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京師"
},
{
"roman": "jīngshī",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京师"
},
{
"roman": "jīnghuá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京華"
},
{
"roman": "jīnghuá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京华"
},
{
"roman": "jīngyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京邑"
},
{
"roman": "jīngdū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "京都"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "國家"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "国家"
},
{
"roman": "guódū",
"word": "國都"
},
{
"roman": "guódū",
"word": "国都"
},
{
"english": "imperial capital",
"roman": "dìdū",
"word": "帝都"
},
{
"english": "royal capital",
"roman": "wángjīng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "王京"
},
{
"english": "royal capital",
"roman": "wángdū",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "王都"
},
{
"english": "imperial capital",
"roman": "huángzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "皇州"
},
{
"roman": "shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神州"
},
{
"roman": "dūchéng",
"word": "都城"
},
{
"roman": "dūyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "都邑"
},
{
"roman": "dūmén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "都門"
},
{
"roman": "dūmén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "都门"
},
{
"roman": "hàojīng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "鎬京"
},
{
"roman": "hàojīng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "镐京"
},
{
"roman": "cháng'ān",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "長安"
},
{
"roman": "cháng'ān",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "长安"
},
{
"roman": "shǒudū",
"word": "首都"
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 京",
"Chinese terms spelled with 城",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō"
],
"links": [
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
],
[
"Gyeongseong",
"Gyeongseong"
],
[
"Keijō",
"Keijō"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "җинчын"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "žinčɨn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ-siâⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ sian⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīngchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingchéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ching¹-chʻêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jīng-chéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jingcherng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзинчэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinčɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīng sìhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ sing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ging¹ xing⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kîn-sàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gin^ˊ sang^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ sang²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiann-siânn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kviasviaa"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiaⁿ siâⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹cin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^平 zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹jin-zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjaeng dzyeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kĩã³³⁻²³ sĩã⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/"
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京城",
"lit": "capital + city, town"
},
"expansion": "京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうじょう"
},
"expansion": "きょうじょう (kyōjō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Names_of_Seoul#Gyeongseong"
},
"expansion": "Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"name": "pedia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 706. In turn, from Middle Chinese 京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”).\nPossibly encountered in older texts with the reading きょうじょう (kyōjō), using the older goon pronunciation for both characters.\nUse to refer to Seoul was based in part on the older name 漢城 (Hanseong), and in part on the Japanese sense of \"imperial capital\", in referring to the city as the center of administration under the Japanese Empire. The city was also informally called 京城 (Gyeongseong) in Korean during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). See also Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"forms": [
{
"form": "京城",
"ruby": [
[
"京",
"けい"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "keijō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "keizyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "けいじやう",
"roman": "keizyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けいじょう",
"hhira": "けいじやう"
},
"expansion": "京(けい)城(じょう) • (keijō) ^(←けいじやう (keizyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the emperor's residence, the imperial palace"
],
"links": [
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"residence",
"residence"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"palace",
"palace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the capital, especially within an empire"
],
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けーじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ːʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Joseon",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Sankei Shimbun"
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けいじょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "京城",
"lit": "capital + city, town"
},
"expansion": "京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうじょう"
},
"expansion": "きょうじょう (kyōjō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Names_of_Seoul#Gyeongseong"
},
"expansion": "Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"name": "pedia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 706. In turn, from Middle Chinese 京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”).\nPossibly encountered in older texts with the reading きょうじょう (kyōjō), using the older goon pronunciation for both characters.\nUse to refer to Seoul was based in part on the older name 漢城 (Hanseong), and in part on the Japanese sense of \"imperial capital\", in referring to the city as the center of administration under the Japanese Empire. The city was also informally called 京城 (Gyeongseong) in Korean during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). See also Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia",
"forms": [
{
"form": "京城",
"ruby": [
[
"京",
"けい"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Keijō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Keizyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "けいじやう",
"roman": "Keizyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "けいじょう",
"hhira": "けいじやう"
},
"expansion": "京(けい)城(じょう) • (Keijō) ^(←けいじやう (Keizyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Keijō Imperial University",
"roman": "Keijō Teikoku Daigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"京城",
"けいじょう"
],
[
"帝国大学",
"ていこくだいがく"
]
],
"text": "京城帝国大学",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, also known as Gyeongseong (the Korean reading of these same Chinese characters) and Keijō"
],
"links": [
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
],
[
"Gyeongseong",
"Gyeongseong"
],
[
"Keijō",
"Keijō"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, also known as Gyeongseong (the Korean reading of these same Chinese characters) and Keijō"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けーじょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ːʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Joseon",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Sankei Shimbun"
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The older goon pronunciation. Not used in modern Japanese, but possibly still encountered in older texts.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "京城",
"ruby": [
[
"京",
"きょう"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōjō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kyauzyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きやうじやう",
"roman": "kyauzyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうじょう",
"hhira": "きやうじやう"
},
"expansion": "京(きょう)城(じょう) • (kyōjō) ^(←きやうじやう (kyauzyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"the emperor's residence, the imperial palace"
],
"links": [
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"residence",
"residence"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"palace",
"palace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) the emperor's residence, the imperial palace"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"the capital, especially within an empire"
],
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) the capital, especially within an empire"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gyeongseong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "경성",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "경성"
},
"expansion": "京城 • (Gyeongseong) (hangeul 경성)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean links with manual fragments",
"Korean links with redundant alt parameters",
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean proper nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”)",
"word": "경성"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 경성 (“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"경성",
"경성#Korean:_京城"
],
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul"
],
[
"Gyeongseong",
"Gyeongseong"
],
[
"Keijō",
"Keijō"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "京城",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of kinh thành (“capital city; imperial city”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"kinh thành",
"kinh thành#Vietnamese:_京城"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
]
]
}
],
"word": "京城"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 京城 meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": "started on line 25, detected on line 25"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"京城"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "京城",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.